F

For other uses, see F-sharp


Look up F, f in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.


F is the sixth letter in the Latin alphabet. Its name in English is spelled ef or eff (pronounced /ɛf/) and as a verb eff.


History
The origin of F is the Semitic letter vâv that represented the sound /v/, and originally probably represented either a "hook" or a "club".It may have been based on a comparable Egyptian hieroglyph, such as that for "mace":


The Phoenician form of the letter was adopted into Greek as a vowel, upsilon (which resembled its descendant, Y, but was also ancestor to Roman letters U, V, and W); and with another form, as a consonant, digamma, which resembled our letter F, but was pronounced /w/, as in Phoenician. (Later on, this /w/ phoneme disappeared from Greek, resulting in digamma being used as a numeral only.)
In Etruscan, F also stood for /w/; however, they came up with the innovation of using the digraph FH to represent the sound /f/, and the letter acquired this sound on its own when the Romans picked it up (since they had already borrowed U independently from Greek upsilon to stand for /w/).The letter phi (Φ φ) came to approximate the sound of /f/ in Greek.
The lower case f is not to be confused with ſ, the archaic long s (or medial s). For example, "sinfulness" is rendered as "ſinfulneſs" using the long s.The use of the long s died out by the end of the 19th century, largely to prevent confusion with f.
Codes for computing
Alternative representations of F

In Unicode the capital F codepoint is U+0046, the lowercase f codepoint U+0066.
The ASCII code for capital F is 70 and for lowercase f is 102; or in binary 01000110 and 01100110, correspondingly.
The EBCDIC code for capital F is 198 and for lowercase f is 134.
The numeric character references in HTML and XML are "F" and "f" for upper and lower case respectively.
Ligatures


Common f ligatures.

In formal typography, particularly for serifed fonts, minuscule f is one of the most commonly ligated letters. Unicode provides the following ligatures of f, l and i: ff, fi, fl, ffi and ffl (U+FB00 through U+FB04).
Variants of F
The F with hook or script F (Unicode U+0191 and U+0192, Ƒ and ƒ) is used in the transcription of Kabye and other West African languages for the voiceless bilabial fricative.