Nakagin Capsule Tower

Completed in 1972, it has thirteen floors which house prefabricated modules (or "capsules") which are each self-contained units. Each capsule measures 2.3m x 3.8m x 2.1m and functions as a small living or office space.

Kisho Kurokawa Pt. 1: The National Art Center, Tokyo

Photosynth Of "Nakagin Capsule Tower" By Kisho Kurokawa

Each capsule is connected to one of the two main shafts by only four high-tension bolts and are designed to be replaceable. However, no units have been replaced since the original construction.
The building was the world's first example of capsule architecture built for actual use.

Kisho Kurokawa Pt. 2: Nakagin Capsule Tower

The building is still in use as of 2007, but has fallen into disrepair.
Construction took place in two separate places: on-site and off-site. On-site construction included the two towers and their energy-supply systems and equipment, while the capsule parts were fabricated and the capsules assembled at a factory.
The capsules were prefabricated and fitted out with utilities and interior fittings before being shipped to the building site, where they were attached to the concrete towers.

Each capsule is attached independently and cantilevered from the shaft so that any capsule may be easily removed without affecting the others. The capsules are all-welded lightweight steel-truss boxes clad in galvanized, rib-reinforced steel panels.

By using a policy whereby steel-frame work was done for two days and precast concrete work on the following two days, the designers were able to prepare a completely operational staircase by the time the framework was finished.